Scaffolds

This week on Scaffolds, I give some reminders to think about as the season starts, Kerik talks scab predictions, and Anna gives us our weekly state of the state update on degree day accumulations around the state. 

Kerik:  Apple Scab Disease forecast predictions for New York as of 4-12-26: There’s a lot of variability for Apple Scab risk across the regions. Eastern NY and the capital district have an easy week with few wetting periods and low levels of ejection. The lake champlain region may not all be at green tip. Western NY and the fingerlakes have accelerated apple scab maturity and prolonged wetting periods that span the week with high risk. In this region, the average temperatures during wetting periods are low 60s and could lead to many infections. 

State of the State
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
-            Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
-            Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 3-May ± 7 days
-            Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 10-May ± 6 days
-            Petal fall (McIntosh) || 479 ± 42 || 18-May ± 6 days
 
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 4/13
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 43 Forecast Through 4/19 ||
Geneva || 1/2" green || 249 || 364
Highland (HVRL) || tight cluster || 257 || 404
Clifton Park || green tip || 178 || 301
Peru (Forrence) || first green || 114 || 193
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || 1/2" green || 214 || 306
Appleton North - Lake || 1/2" green || 148 || 207
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || 1/2" green || 235 || 334
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake || 1/2" green || 180 || 254
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
 
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out   || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
---
Pink (McIntosh) || 289 ± 26 || 139 ± 21 || 3-May ± 7 days
OFM Traps set out || Pink
Oriental fruit moth – 1st adult catch || 229* ± 44* || 126 ± 33 || 2-May ± 8 days
RBLR – 1st flight peak || 303 ± 75 || 150 ± 48 || 4-May ± 9 days
STLM – 1st flight peak || 337 ± 71 || 168 ± 45 || 7-May ± 8 days
---
Full bloom (McIntosh) || 378 ± 35 || 192 ± 25 || 10-May ± 6 days
OBLR Overwintered Gen. Sample || Bloom
Codling Moth Traps set out || Bloom
Cold Temperature and Frost Risk
Picture Table of Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/picture-table-critical-spring-temperatures-for-tree-fruit-bud-development-stages  
Regional Weather Events page for NEWA weather stations, including a map of freeze events on 4/25 and 26. https://newa.cornell.edu/regional-weather-events/
Cornell Statewide Frost Protection webinar held on Friday April 12th recording now available online here: https://youtu.be/TIBEpfb98ws
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations),  https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs  
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests

This week on scaffolds, I talk to Dr. Robert Orpet of Oregon State University, one of the few people in the US who has worked extensively on woolly apple aphid but in Washington state, about woolly apple aphid, Kerik gives us more scab forecasting, and anna gives us the state of the state update with a review of scouting, degree day accumulations and reminders for the very quick start to the season happening in the Hudson Valley. 
Cox - Apple Scab Disease forecast predictions for New York as of 4-5-26 - Too cold for apple scab infections - refresh coverage as needed. 
State of the State Show Notes
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
-            Silver Tip (McIntosh) || 58-106
-            Green Tip (McIntosh) || 99-144
-            Half Inch Green (McIntosh) || 150-201
-            Tight Cluster (McIntosh) || 206-257
 
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 4/6
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 50F ||
Geneva || green tip || 175 || 90
Highland (HVRL) || 1/2" to early TC || 203 || 108
Clifton Park || first green || 136 || 67
Peru (Forrence) || silver tip || 84 || 34
Medina (Roberts) - Inland || first green || 161 || 76
Appleton North - Lake || first green || 118 || 55
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || first green || 181 || 91
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake  || first green || 147 || 72
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
 
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out   || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
 
 
Cold Temperature and Frost Risk
Picture Table of Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/picture-table-critical-spring-temperatures-for-tree-fruit-bud-development-stages  
Regional Weather Events page for NEWA weather stations, including a map of freeze events on 4/25 and 26. https://newa.cornell.edu/regional-weather-events/
Cornell Statewide Frost Protection webinar held on Friday April 12th recording now available online here: https://youtu.be/TIBEpfb98ws
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations),  https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs  
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions and Table of Contents. https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/categories/16994462926231-NEWA-Network-for-Environment-and-Weather-Applications
https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/sections/17011505301783-Apple-Insect-Disease-and-Crop-Management-Forecasts

State of the State
Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43
Silver Tip (McIntosh) || 58-106
Green Tip (McIntosh) || 99-144
Half Inch Green (McIntosh) || 150-201
Tight Cluster (McIntosh) || 206-257
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 - 3/30
Station || Stage || DD 43F || 
Geneva (AgriTech North) || silver tip || 114 ||
Highland (HVRL) || early green || 138 ||
Clifton Park || silver tip || 93 ||
Peru (Forrence) || dormant || 65 ||
Medina - Inland || silver tip || 107 ||
Appleton North - Lake || silver tip || 88 ||
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || silver tip || 120 ||
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake  || silver tip || 99 ||
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
 
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
STLM Traps set out   || 1-Apr
Pear psylla – egg laying || 84 ± 44 || 33 ± 21 || 4-Apr ± 11 days
RBLR – 1st catch || 144 ± 32 || 60 ± 20 || 17-Apr ± 9 days
Rosy apple aphid – 1st nymphs present || 189 ± 55 || 86 ± 30 || 25-Apr ± 7 days
STLM – 1st adult catch || 168 ± 48 || 73 ± 28 || 20-Apr ± 9 days
STLM – 1st egg observed || 208 ± 65 || 94 ± 36 || 27-Apr ± 5 days
---
Tight cluster (McIntosh) || 228 ± 27 || 105 ± 19 || 27-Apr ± 7 days
Tarnished plant bug – 1st observed || 222 ± 105 || 105 ± 62 || 25-Apr ± 15 days
OBLR – 1st overwintered larvae observed || 236 ± 78 || 112 ± 48 || 29-Apr ± 7 days
Black stem borer – 1st adult catch || 283 ± 50 || 137 ± 40 || 6-May ± 3 days
European red mite – egg hatch observed || 284 ± 53 || 134 ± 34 || 6-May ± 4 days
—
Scouting and Monitoring Resources
Video: Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices (including explanations of Degree Day calculations),  https://youtu.be/NwyBAcvbpUs  
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network Blog
https://blogs.cornell.edu/treefruitpests/
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/articles/23290226665751-NEWA-Quick-Guide-for-Apple-Insect-Pests
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar recording on the Cornell IPM YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtyOWCL1Q2A
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoNb8lODb49vifrm9Tla4GmAVhlIL0527
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
https://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/regional/monthly/monthly.html
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions and Table of Contents. https://help.nysipm.org/hc/en-us/categories/16994462926231-NEWA-Network-for-Environment-and-Weather-Applications

Thank you for a great season and good luck with harvest!

Historical Phenology and Average Degree Day Accumulation Base 43 (for reference)
Phenology & DDs for NY NEWA Stations from 1/1 – 7/28
Station || Stage || DD 43F || DD 50F ||
Geneva (AgriTech North) || Fruit Sizing || 2486 || 1728
Highland (HVRL) || Fruit Sizing || 2764 || 1946
Clifton Park || Fruit Sizing || 2537 || 1771
Peru (Forrence) || Fruit Sizing || 2240 || 1513
Medina - Inland || Fruit Sizing || 2357 || 1620
Appleton North - Lake || Fruit Sizing || 2244 || 1527
Fairville (The Apple Shed) - Inland || Fruit Sizing || 2432 || 1693
Williamson (DeMarree) - Lake  || Fruit Sizing || 2362 || 1623
*all DDs Baskerville-Emin, B.E
   
Upcoming Pest Events
Pest/Phenology Event || DD Base 43˚F || Approx. Date
Dogwood borer – 1st adult catch || 964 ± 230 || 571 ± 151 || 12-Jun ± 9 days
American plum borer – 1st flight ending || 1344 ± 144 || 856 ± 111 || 29-Jun ± 7 days
---------------------------------------------------------------
Apple Maggot Traps Set Out (in orchard) || 1-Jul
ERM Sample – 5.0 mites/leaf || 1-Jul
Comstock mealybug tape traps set out || July 1 (ENY), July 15 (WNY)
OFM – 2nd flight starting || 1180* ± 136* || 856 ± 106 || 29-Jun ± 5 days
OBLR Summer Gen. 1st Sample || 10-Jul ± 5 days
STLM Summer Gen. 1st Sample || 9-Jul ± 7 days
RBLR – 2nd flight starting || 1367 ± 105 || 866 ± 135 || 29-Jun ± 6 days
AM – 1st catch || 1509 ± 285 || 973 ± 206 || 4-Jul ± 12 days
Lesser peachtree borer – peak catch || 1234 ± 470 || 785 ± 338 || 25-Jun ± 19 days
STLM – 2nd flight peak || 1563 ± 207 || 1011 ± 163 || 6-Jul ± 8 days
Codling moth – 1st flight ending || 1557 ± 262 || 1011 ± 187 || 6-Jul ± 12 days
Peachtree borer – peak catch || 1579 ± 465 || 1036 ± 353 || 7-Jul ± 19 days
Lesser appleworm – 2nd flight starting || 1768 ± 339 || 1165 ± 240 || 14-Jul ± 12 days
OFM – 2nd flight peak || 1450* ± 147* || 1115 ± 190 || 11-Jul ± 9 days
American plum borer – 2nd flight starting || 1850 ± 290 || 1231 ± 203 || 16-Jul ± 11 days
RBLR – 2nd flight peak || 1721 ± 232 || 1129 ± 176 || 13-Jul ± 7 days
San Jose scale – 2nd flight starting || 1804 ± 170 || y1199 ± 136 || 15-Jul ± 8 days
Codling moth – 2nd flight starting || 1887 ± 313 || 1251 ± 223 || 20-Jul ± 13 days
Dogwood borer – peak catch || 1611 ± 226 || 1040 ± 172 || 8-Jul ± 10 days
STLM – 2nd flight ending || 2167 ± 177 || 1466 ± 151 || 28 Jul ± 8 days
American plum borer – 2nd flight peak || 2290 ± 285 || 1564 ± 213 || 1-Aug ± 8 days
OFM – 2nd flight ending || 2044* ± 233* || 1545 ± 195 || 31-Jul ± 7 days
*Base temperature for OFM 45F
Resources 
NOAA Storm Prediction Center & Severe Weather 
https://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/reports/250703_rpts.html 
https://www.weather.gov/ 
Sunburn 
Pest Monitoring Networks
NY Tree Fruit Pest Monitoring Network
NY Berry Pest Monitoring Network 
Interested in collaborating and contributing trap capture data? Contact Anna Wallis [email protected]  
Virtual Orchard Scout Training webinar 
Online Course, BF224: Tree Fruit Scouting. 
Weather 
Northeast Regional Climate Change Monthly Maps
NOAA Climate Prediction Center (forecasts and outlooks)
NEWA and Pest Forecasting
NEWA Help Desk Frequently Asked Questions 
NEWA Help Desk Apple Insect, Disease, and Crop Management Forecasts 
Quick Guide for Apple Insect Pests 
Apple IPM Intensive Workshop playlist: 
Apple Insect Targets and IPM Practices