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Modern Chemistry Podcast

Paul Orange Ph.D.
Modern Chemistry Podcast
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  • Vivek Polshettiwar – Catalyst for change
    Professor Polshettiwar is based at the Prestigious Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) (https://www.tifr.res.in). Prof Polshettiwar was educated at a number of institutions across India, before he moved to France, the United States, and Saudi Arabia. In 2013 he joined the TIFR.Prof Vivek is a Leading researcher in a nanotechnology. He runs a nano-catalysis Laboratory in TIFR, integrated into the Division of Chemical Sciences (DCS). He uses principles of nanochemistry to make new materials which have widespread applications.Prof Vivek has published many papers in international journals. His NANOCAT group (https://www.nanocat.co.in/ ) works on CO2 capture and conversion to tackle climate change through the development of novel nanomaterials for catalysis and solar energy harvestingProf. Vivek is a Fellow of the royal society of chemistry, UK. He has been rewarded an “Asian Rising Stars” at 15th Asian Chemical Congress (ACC), Singapore, by Nobel Laureate Professor Ei-ichi Negish . He has been recently awarded the 2022 IUPAC-CHEMRAWN VII Prize for Green Chemistry in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the field of green chemistry. Terms usedIf you’re not familiar with some of the terms used in this discussion – some key ones are described here for your reference:Artificial photosynthesis – A human-designed process that creates energy from Co2, water and sunlight, mimicking the same process which occurs naturally in plants.Catalysis – Increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst.CO2 – Carbon Dioxide, one of the major greenhouse gases, and one of the molecules used by plants to create energy from photosynthesis.Nano chemistry – Chemical process that rely on one or more component in a particle between 1 to 100 nm in diameter.Solar photons – Particles of light emitted from the Sun.Green Hydrogen – Hydrogen (H2) gener by renewable energy sources, or using low-carbon power.Electrochemical water splitting – Splitting water molecules into component Hydrogen (H2) and Oxygen (O2) molecules by passing an electric current through the water.Silica support – A (largely) non-reactive physical support medium for less robust chemically active compounds.Urea – A chemical compound with the formula CO(NH2)2. Although useful in a wide range of industrial processes, 90% of global urea production goes into fertilizers. Our theme music is "Wholesome" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com)Music from https://filmmusic.ioLicense: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Connect with me (Paul) at https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulorange/H.E.L. group can be found at www.helgroup.com online,on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/hel-group/ on Twitter, we're @hel_group, https://twitter.com/hel_groupor search for us on Facebook
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  • Nigel Taylor – EV batteries – that’s quite a challenge
    Terms usedIf you’re not familiar with some of the terms used in this discussion – some key ones are described here for your reference:C rate – the charge and discharge rates of a battery. This varies by battery, but a 1C rate will be a defined current over a particular period of time. Cell – The smallest form of a battery – best considered in consumer terms as a single AA or AAA, etc battery.Module – A number of individual cells connected together. Multiple modules will be used in a pack.Pack – A collection of battery cells, OR battery modules connected together to form the full power source for a device – for example the pack that would be connected to a power tool.Thermal runaway – Due to misuse, damage or aging, the process where a battery starts to self-heat. As the battery heats, it causes more damage, reading to greater heating, often resulting in fire, explosion or release of gases. An internal short-circuit is often the intermediate cause of the runaway. The runaway will continue until all the chemicals causing the runaway reaction have been consumed. These are very difficult reactions to stop once they have started.Arcing – Current passing through a gas, which causes the electrical breakdown of that gas, often accompanied by production of plasma and visible light.Series connection – connecting two or more batteries positive-to-negative. This provides a system that delivers the sum of the battery voltages, without adjust the amp hour output.  For example, two 4-volt 3 amp-hour, batteries in series would provide 8 volts and 3 amp hours. Parallel connection – connecting two or more batteries together positive-to-positive and negative-to-negative. This provides a system with increased amp hour ratings, without adjusting the current. For example, two 4-volt 3 amp-hour, batteries in parallel would provide 4 volts and 6 amp hours.Burst disk – a single use pressure relief system, which is a surface that bursts when a certain pressure is exceeded.Nigel also mentions the Munro Tesla teardown – you can find that video here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeZzEg3GIcg As well as www.batterydesign.net, Nigel is online at https://www.linkedin.com/in/nigel-taylor-2131964/ Our theme music is "Wholesome" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com)Music from https://filmmusic.ioLicense: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Connect with me (Paul) at https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulorange/H.E.L. group can be found at www.helgroup.com online,on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/hel-group/ on Twitter, we're @hel_group, https://twitter.com/hel_groupor search for us on Facebook 
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  • Debabrata Maiti – It takes a community to functionalize a C-H bond
    If you’re not familiar with some of the terms used in this discussion – some key ones are described here for your reference:Bio-inorganic chemistry – the study of the role of metals in biological processes. This includes naturally occurring molecules and artificially introduced proteins.Metal center (active site) – the active metal in a larger molecule that reacts in (or catalyzes) a reactionCatalysis – increasing the rate of a reaction by introducing a substance to the reaction know as a catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction.Functionalization of Carbon-Hydrogen bonds – converting a (Carbon-Hydrogen) C-H bond to a C-R bond. R represents a functional group that enables the final molecule to perform a specific reaction.Activation of Carbon-Hydrogen bonds – Reading (or breaking) the C-H bond so that the desired functional group can replace the Hydrogen.Enzyme – An organic catalyst, often found in nature and active in living cells. Enzymes are typically protein molecules.Organic molecule/organic substrate – A compound containing Carbon.Hydrogen bonding – An electrostatic force of interaction between a Hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom. The most common Hydrogen bonds occur between Hydrogen and either Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine.Reoxidize (oxidize) – during a reaction, a catalyst may accept electrons from the primary reactants or otherwise become reduced. Removing those electrons, or otherwise oxidizing the catalyst enables it to once more catalyze the reaction.Stoichiometric amount – Calculating the number of molecules (usually in moles) required for a given reaction.Photochemistry – Chemical reactions which are influenced by the presence or absence of light, often at specific wavelengths. Photochemistry is used to closely control reactions – i.e. the reaction will not take place if the correct light isn’t present.Motif – A specific part of a molecule – often found in a number of molecules. Prof Maiti is contactable on social media, and you can find him on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/debabrata-maiti-54ab622a/ Our theme music is "Wholesome" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com)Music from https://filmmusic.ioLicense: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Connect with me (Paul) at https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulorange/H.E.L. group can be found at www.helgroup.com online,on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/hel-group/ on Twitter, we're @hel_group, https://twitter.com/hel_groupor search for us on Facebook 
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  • Sebastian Gross – The devil is in the data
    Episode 18 of the Modern Chemistry podcast features Dr. Sebastian Gross. Sebastian is a consultant at Wega IT, (https://www.wega-it.com/en/). Where he supports clients, using his advanced experience in biotechnology methods, bioprocess development, lab & assay automation and kinetic modelling. Sebastian has strong experience in tools like Liquid Handling station, SiLA, Python, MATLAB, LabVIEW, SQL, and Data modelling.Prior to Wega, Sebastian was head of process development at TUB (Technische Universität Berlin), where he also did his PhD. Sebastian is contactable on social media, and you can find him on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebastian-hans/You can also connect with Sebastian via the Wega website link above.Sebastian’s web linkOur theme music is "Wholesome" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com)Music from https://filmmusic.ioLicense: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Connect with me (Paul) at https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulorange/H.E.L. group can be found at www.helgroup.com online,on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/hel-group/ on Twitter, we're @hel_group, https://twitter.com/hel_groupor search for us on Facebook 
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  • Amanda Morris – Energy from sunlight.
    Amanda has a BS degree in Chemistry from Penn State University, and PhD in Chemistry from Johns Hopkins University and conducted post-doctoral research at Princeton University prior to her tenure at Virginia Tech.Amanda’s research focuses on how to convert solar power into usable energy, or fuel, and useful materials or chemicalsYou will hear the following terms used during the interview. I've included some descriptions here. MOFs / Metalo-organic frameworks – Compounds made of metal ions, or clusters, connected to organic ligands, creating specific structures.  They are often poruous materialsArtificial photosynthesis – A human-designed process that creates energy from Co2, water and sunlight, mimicking the same process which occurs naturally in plants.Catalysis – Increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst.CO2 – Carbon Dioxide, one of the major greenhouse gases, and one of the molecules used by plants to create energy from photosynthesis.Reducing / reduction – the gain of electrons, or a decrease in the oxidation state of an ion (or at specific sites in a molecule).Oxidation / oxidizing - the loss of electrons, or an increase in the oxidation state of an ion (or at specific sites in a molecule).Redox – A chemical reaction where the oxiadtaion states of atoms are changed. Typically the transfer of electrons leads to oxidation of one chemical component in the reaction, and the reduction of other chemical components.Heterogenous surface – A non-uniform surface, which allows different chemical reactions to occur at different points.Turnover number – The number of moles of substrate (a measure of the total number of molecules) that a catalyst can convert before becoming inactivated.Nano particles – A particle of matter in the range of 1 to 100 nm in diameter.Protons – A sub-atomic particle with a positive electric charge of +1e, present in the nucleus of every atom.Electron - A sub-atomic particle with a negative electric charge of -1e, which display properties of both particles and waves.Solar photons – Particles of light emitted from the Sun.Chlorophyll – A word to describe any one of a number of related green pigments found in plants, algae and bacteria. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and, along with other molecules, uses that sunlight to provide energy for plant cells, ultimately through the oxidation of water.Chromophore – The part of a molecule that is responsible for its color. Amanda is contactable on social media, and you can find them via on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/amanda-morris-1a11b621/Amanda is @amorri28 on Twitter - https://twitter.com/amorri28Amanda’s lab page at Virginia Tech is https://chem.vt.edu/people/faculty/teaching-and-research/amorris.html – a great starting point for more information.Our theme music is "Wholesome" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com)Music from https://filmmusic.ioLicense: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Connect with me (Paul) at https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulorange/H.E.L. group can be found at www.helgroup.com online,on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/hel-group/ on Twitter, we're @hel_group, https://twitter.com/hel_groupor search for us on Facebook 
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Welcome to the Modern Chemistry podcast! And thanks for downloading our preview show. Connect with me (Paul) at https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulorange/ H.E.L. group can be found at www.helgroup.com – where you can also leave us a comment on the show and suggest topics or interviewees for future episodes. on LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com/company/hel-ltd/, on twitter we’re @HELUK, or search for us on Facebook Our theme music is "Wholesome" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) Music from https://filmmusic.io License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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