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The Future of Everything

Stanford Engineering
The Future of Everything
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  • Best of: The future of reading
    It’s still summer, but many children and teachers are back in school or preparing to return to the classroom. About a year ago, we sat down with Rebecca Silverman, a professor of education, to discuss the complex process of learning how to read. Professor Silverman unpacks the challenges of decoding and comprehension, two things that are vital for reading instruction to be successful. Whether you’re supporting a new reader or curious about the hurdles new readers must overcome, we hope you’ll tune in to this conversation again.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Rebecca D. SilvermanConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Rebecca Silverman, a professor of education at Stanford University.(00:01:59) Why Reading Is HardWhy reading is a complex, non-natural skill essential for education.(00:03:14) Decoding & ComprehensionThe core components of reading and the challenges of comprehension.(00:05:07) Improving ComprehensionWhy improving comprehension takes years and sustained support.(00:06:40) Variability in LearningWhy some kids excel, others need help, and many struggle.(00:08:26) Nature vs. NurtureHow genetics and environment combine to shape reading ability.(00:09:17) Reading Across LanguagesHow different writing systems affect how quickly kids learn to read.(00:10:57) Identifying Struggling ReadersResearch challenges in identifying decoding and comprehension issues.(00:14:42) Paper vs. Digital ReadingKey differences between reading on paper and screens.(00:18:04) Technology in LiteracyHow technology is effective for decoding but less so for comprehension.(00:19:58) Family InfluenceThe importance of family and storytelling in literacy development.(00:21:52) Adult LiteracyWhether adults can learn to read as easily as young learners.(00:23:13) Challenges For TeachersThe challenges teachers face in teaching literacy alongside multiple subjects(00:25:15) The Future of AI in ReadingThe potential of AI and digital tools to help tailor literacy support.(00:28:50) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook
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  • The future of inequality
    Sociologist David Grusky argues that all the usual debilitating debates about inequality can be sidestepped if we focus on the worst forms – those rooted in cronyism, racism, and nepotism – that everyone can agree are nothing more than a pernicious transfer of income or wealth from the powerless to the powerful. To fight this “worst form” of inequality, Grusky shows how powerful interventions can be identified with new quasi-experimental methods, including those that use naturally occurring or AI-generated doppelgangers instead of very expensive randomized controlled trials. “We’re leaving a lot of talent on the table. And the cost is profound,” Grusky tells host Russ Altman about the price of inequality on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: David GruskyConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest David Grusky, a professor of sociology at Stanford University.(00:02:57) Studying InequalityDavid explains his motivation for studying inequality.(00:03:44) What Is Good Inequality?How productive contributions create justifiable inequalities in income.(00:04:48) Example of Bad InequalityWhen legitimate productivity becomes mixed with exploitation(00:07:22) Widespread Nature of Bad InequalityDifferent groups within society who benefit from bad inequality.(00:10:58) The Birth Lottery ProblemHow the circumstances of birth create hidden advantages.(00:13:15) Status & Social Class InequalityWhether prestige and non-financial rewards intersect with inequality.(00:14:52) Good Jobs vs. Bad JobsWhat constitutes a good job in an era of rapid technological change.(00:16:20) The Limits of Progressive TaxationWhy progressive taxation fails to distinguish between inequalities.(00:21:01) Predistribution SolutionsPreventing bad inequality before it occurs with institutional reform.(00:24:31) Reform ChallengesHow entrenched interests and weak evaluation block reform progress.(00:25:54) Inequality Research ToolsQuasi-experimental methods that evaluate inequality interventions.(00:28:39) AI Clones for Policy TestingUsing large language models to simulate individuals and test policy ideas.(00:33:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook
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  • The future of cancer neuroscience
    Neurologist Michelle Monje studies the close relationship between cancer and the nervous system, particularly in an aggressive brain cancer that often strikes in childhood. Her research shows that the cancer cells are electrically integrated into the brain itself and these connections actually help the cancer to grow. Monje and collaborators have now developed an immunotherapy that has shown great promise in mice and early human trials. One patient had a “complete response” and is cancer-free four years after treatment, Monje tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Michelle MonjeConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Michelle Monje, a professor of pediatric neurology at Stanford University.(00:03:39) Focus on Cancer ResearchMonje’s clinical observations led to exploring cancer-neuron interactions.(00:05:28) Neurons and Glial CellsThe role of neurons and glial cells in brain function and disease.(00:08:32) Gliomas in ChildrenAn overview of gliomas and their origins in glial precursor cells.(00:10:12) Rethinking Brain Cancer BehaviorHow gliomas don’t just grow—they integrate with brain circuits.(00:14:49) Mechanisms of Tumor GrowthTwo primary mechanisms by which cancer exploits the nervous system.(00:16:32) Synaptic Integration of Cancer CellsThe discovery that glioma cells form synapses with neurons.(00:20:06) CAR T-Cell TherapyAdapting CAR T-cell immunotherapy to target brain tumors.(00:22:52) Targeting GD2 AntigenIdentification of a surface marker enables precision CAR T-cell therapy.(00:24:35) Immune Access to the BrainThe ability of CAR T-cells to reach the brain, despite prior understanding.(00:26:16) First Clinical Trial ResultsThe significant tumor reduction and response from CAR T-cell therapy.(00:28:21) Combined TherapiesPairing immune therapy with neural signaling blockers for better outcomes.(00:30:35) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook
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  • Best of: The future of coastal erosion
    It’s summertime, and for many of us that means a recreational trip to the beach or coast. Worldwide, billions of people live year-round near a coastline, and these settings can be responsible for everything from buffering storms and preventing sea-level rise to fishing, flourishing tourism, and trade. For all these reasons, the acceleration of coastal erosion is an important topic to understand. A couple years ago, we sat down with Jane Willenbring, a geoscientist who says that by studying what coastlines looked like long ago, we can better understand where they are headed and how to protect them. No matter where you live, we hope you’ll tune in to better understand the forces behind coastal erosion.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Jane Kathryn WillenbringConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Jane Willenbring, a professor of Earth systems at Stanford University.(00:01:30) What Causes Coastal ErosionThe natural processes that build up or break down coastal regions.(00:02:58) When Coastlines GrowWhere and how coastal buildup can still occur, especially near rivers.(00:04:11) Measuring Coastal ErosionThe technological and geological measurements used to track change.(00:06:12) Dating Coastal RockUsing cosmic radiation to help measure long-term erosion rates.(00:07:48) Archaeology & Shifting SettlementsHow ancient coastal settlements reflect environmental change.(00:09:03) Tectonics vs. ErosionDifferentiating between sea level rise and tectonic land uplift.(00:10:09) Infrastructure at RiskThe dangers of coastal erosion to critical infrastructure.(00:12:12) Science Meets PolicyWhy long-term erosion timelines complicate policymaking.(00:14:11) Real-World ResponsesExamples of successes and failures due to policy inaction.(00:15:14) Disadvantages of Building BridgesThe unintended effects of building bridges and barriers.(00:16:11) “Unzipping” LandscapesHow rivers and streams carve landscapes from the inside out.(00:17:47) Sea Level Rise & Coastal ChangesThe mechanics of sea level rise and how it increases erosion.(00:19:25) Beaches as Natural DefensesWhy wide beaches are crucial to the protection of coastlines.(00:20:42) Cliff Collapse & BeachesWhat happens when sand is lost due to erosion or human intervention.(00:22:11) The Social Impacts of Coastal ErosionThe effects of coastal erosion on different socioeconomic classes(00:24:11) Public Health Risks of Coastal ErosionThe different health and infrastructure risks posed by unmanaged erosion.(00:26:05) Vegetation, Kelp, & Green SolutionsThe potential for vegetation and kelp to help soften coastal impact.(0028:43) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook
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  • The future of plant chemistry
    Chemical engineer Beth Sattely studies the intricate chemistry of plant life. Plants are more than food, she says: They are living chemical factories churning out molecules that help plants do everything from adapting to climate change to fighting infections – or even producing valuable new cancer drugs. Lately, Sattely’s lab is working on ways to make crops more resilient to engineer more sustainable foods and environments. Some of our most exciting technologies already exist in nature, we just have to find them, Sattely tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Elizabeth SattelyConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Beth Sattely, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University.(00:03:10) Path to Plant MetabolismHow chemistry and gardening led to a career in plant science.(00:03:54) Environmental and Human HealthUsing plants to improve both the planet and people’s well-being.(00:04:53) Engineering Climate-Resilient CropsMaking crops more sustainable and nutritious amid global change.(00:05:58) Old vs. New Crop EngineeringComparing traditional breeding with modern molecular tools.(00:08:04) Industry and Long-Term Food SecurityThe gap between short-term market goals and long-term environmental needs.(00:09:13) Tomato ChemistryTomatoes reveal how plants produce protective molecules under stress.(00:12:26) Plant “Vaccines” and Immune SignalingHow plants communicate threats internally and mount chemical defenses.(00:14:14) Citrus Greening and LimonoidsThe potential role of limonoid research on citrus greening.(00:16:59) Plants Making MedicineHow plants like Yew trees naturally produce cancer drugs like Taxol.(00:21:19) Diet as Preventative MedicineIdentifying plant molecules to understand their preventative health effects. (00:24:36) Food Allergies and Plant ChemistryWhy the immune system tolerates some foods and rejects others.(00:26:42) Understanding Tolerance in ImmunityPossibility of reintroducing tolerance through partial molecular exposure.(00:28:02) Engineering Healthier PlantsPotential for designing plants to enhance micronutrient content.(00:29:04) Training the Next GenerationBeth celebrates her students’ role in shaping a sustainable future.(00:30:39) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook
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Su The Future of Everything

Host Russ Altman, a professor of bioengineering, genetics, and medicine at Stanford, is your guide to the latest science and engineering breakthroughs. Join Russ and his guests as they explore cutting-edge advances that are shaping the future of everything from AI to health and renewable energy. Along the way, “The Future of Everything” delves into ethical implications to give listeners a well-rounded understanding of how new technologies and discoveries will impact society. Whether you’re a researcher, a student, or simply curious about what’s on the horizon, tune in to stay up-to-date on the latest developments that are transforming our world.
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